Dangantaka tsakanin Proteins, Peptides, da Amino Acids
Sunadaran: Aiki macromolecules kafa ta daya ko fiye polypeptide sarƙoƙi nadawa cikin takamaiman sassa uku ta hanyar helices, zanen gado, da dai sauransu.
Sarkar Polypeptide: Motoci masu kama da sarka da suka ƙunshi amino acid biyu ko fiye waɗanda ke da alaƙa da haɗin gwiwar peptide.
Amino Acids: Tubalan gina jiki na gina jiki; fiye da nau'ikan 20 sun wanzu a yanayi.
A taƙaice, sunadaran sun ƙunshi sarƙoƙi na polypeptide, wanda kuma ya ƙunshi amino acid.
Tsarin Narkar da Protein da Sha a cikin Dabbobi
Maganin Baka: Abinci yana karyewa ta jiki ta hanyar taunawa a baki, yana ƙara sararin samaniya don narkewar enzymatic. Kamar yadda bakin ba shi da enzymes masu narkewa, ana ɗaukar wannan matakin narkewar inji.
Rushewar Farko A Cikin Ciki:
Bayan ɓangarorin sunadaran sun shiga cikin ciki, acid ɗin na ciki yana ɓoye su, yana fallasa haɗin peptide. Pepsin sai enzymatically ya rushe sunadaran zuwa manyan polypeptides na kwayoyin halitta, wanda daga baya ya shiga cikin ƙananan hanji.
Narkewa a cikin ƙananan hanji: Trypsin da chymotrypsin a cikin ƙananan hanji suna ƙara rushe polypeptides zuwa ƙananan peptides (dipeptides ko tripeptides) da amino acid. Ana shigar da waɗannan a cikin ƙwayoyin hanji ta hanyar tsarin jigilar amino acid ko ƙaramin tsarin jigilar peptide.
A cikin abinci mai gina jiki, duka abubuwan gano furotin-cheated da ƙananan peptide-chelated abubuwan ganowa suna haɓaka kasancewar abubuwan gano abubuwa ta hanyar chelation, amma sun bambanta sosai a cikin hanyoyin ɗaukar su, kwanciyar hankali, da yanayin yanayin da ya dace. Abubuwan da ke biyowa suna ba da nazarin kwatance daga bangarori huɗu: tsarin sha, halayen tsari, tasirin aikace-aikacen, da yanayin da suka dace.
1. Kankanin Shanyewa:
| Alamar kwatanta | Abubuwan Abun Gano-Protein-Cheated | Ƙananan Abubuwan Gari na Peptide |
|---|---|---|
| Ma'anarsa | Chelates suna amfani da sunadaran macromolecular (misali, furotin shuka mai hydrolyzed, furotin whey) azaman masu ɗaukar hoto. Ƙarfe ions (misali, Fe²⁺, Zn²⁺) suna samar da haɗin kai tare da ƙungiyoyin carboxyl (-COOH) da amino (-NH₂) na ragowar amino acid. | Yana amfani da ƙananan peptides (wanda ya ƙunshi amino acid 2-3) azaman masu ɗauka. Ƙarfe ions suna zama mafi kwanciyar hankali biyar ko shida chelates tare da ƙungiyoyin amino, ƙungiyoyin carboxyl, da ƙungiyoyin sarkar gefe. |
| Hanyar Sha | Ana buƙatar rugujewa ta hanyar proteases (misali, trypsin) a cikin hanji zuwa ƙananan peptides ko amino acid, suna sakin ion ƙarfe da aka cheated. Wadannan ions daga nan suna shiga cikin jini ta hanyar watsawa mai wucewa ko jigilar aiki ta tashoshin ion (misali, DMT1, masu jigilar ZIP/ZnT) akan sel epithelial na hanji. | Za a iya shayar da shi azaman chelates kai tsaye ta hanyar jigilar peptide (PepT1) akan sel epithelial na hanji. A cikin tantanin halitta, ana fitar da ions ƙarfe ta hanyar intracellular enzymes. |
| Iyakance | Idan ayyukan enzymes masu narkewa ba su isa ba (misali, a cikin matasa dabbobi ko ƙarƙashin damuwa), ingancin rushewar furotin yana da ƙasa. Wannan na iya haifar da rushewar tsarin chelate da wuri, ƙyale ions ƙarfe su ɗaure su ta hanyar abubuwan da ke hana abinci mai gina jiki kamar phytate, rage amfani. | Yana ƙetare hanawar gasa na hanji (misali, daga phytic acid), kuma sha baya dogara ga aikin enzyme na narkewa. Musamman dacewa da ƙananan dabbobi masu tsarin narkewar abinci marasa balagagge ko dabbobi marasa lafiya/rauni. |
2. Halayen Tsari da Kwanciyar Hankali:
| Halaye | Abubuwan Abun Gano-Protein-Cheated | Ƙananan Abubuwan Gari na Peptide |
|---|---|---|
| Nauyin Kwayoyin Halitta | Babba (5,000 ~ 20,000 Da) | Karami (200-500 Da) |
| Ƙarfin Chelate Bond | Haɗin haɗin kai da yawa, amma hadaddun daidaituwar kwayoyin halitta yana haifar da matsakaicin matsakaici gabaɗaya. | Sauƙaƙan ɗan gajeren peptide conformation yana ba da damar samar da ƙarin tsayayyen tsarin zobe. |
| Ƙarfin tsangwama | Mai saukin kamuwa da tasiri ta acid na ciki da canje-canje a cikin pH na hanji. | Ƙarfin acid da juriya na alkali; mafi girma kwanciyar hankali a cikin yanayin hanji. |
3. Tasirin Aikace-aikace:
| Nuni | Protein Chelates | Ƙananan Peptide Chelates |
|---|---|---|
| Samuwar halittu | Ya dogara da aikin enzyme narkewa. Mai tasiri a cikin dabbobin manya masu lafiya, amma inganci yana raguwa sosai a cikin matasa ko dabbobi masu damuwa. | Saboda hanyar sha kai tsaye da tsayayyen tsari, gano abubuwan bioavailability na 10% ~ 30% sama da na furotin chelates. |
| Extensibility na Aiki | Ayyuka masu rauni na dangi, da farko suna aiki azaman masu ɗaukar abubuwa masu alama. | Ƙananan peptides da kansu suna da ayyuka kamar tsarin rigakafi da aikin antioxidant, suna ba da tasiri mai ƙarfi tare da abubuwan ganowa (misali, Selenomethionine peptide yana ba da ƙarin kayan aikin selenium da ayyukan antioxidant). |
4. Abubuwan da suka dace da La'akari da Tattalin Arziki:
| Nuni | Abubuwan Abun Gano-Protein-Cheated | Ƙananan Abubuwan Gari na Peptide |
|---|---|---|
| Dabbobin da suka dace | Dabbobin manya masu lafiya (misali, gama aladu, kaji) | Dabbobi matasa, dabbobin da ke ƙarƙashin damuwa, nau'ikan ruwa masu yawan amfanin ƙasa |
| Farashin | Ƙananan (kayan albarkatun ƙasa a shirye, tsari mai sauƙi) | Mafi girma (babban farashi na ƙananan peptide kira da tsarkakewa) |
| Tasirin Muhalli | Za a iya fitar da sassan da ba a sha ba a cikin najasa, wanda zai iya gurɓata muhalli. | Yawan amfani da yawa, ƙananan haɗarin gurɓataccen muhalli. |
Taƙaice:
(1) Ga dabbobin da ke da manyan buƙatun abubuwan gano abubuwa da raunin narkewar abinci (misali, piglets, chicks, shrimp larvae), ko dabbobin da ke buƙatar gyara nakasu cikin sauri, ana ba da shawarar ƙananan peptide chelates azaman fifikon zaɓi.
(2) Don ƙungiyoyi masu tsada tare da aikin narkewar abinci na yau da kullun (misali, dabbobi da kaji a ƙarshen matakin ƙarshe), ana iya zaɓar abubuwan gano furotin-cheated.
Lokacin aikawa: Nuwamba-14-2025
