Menene DCAD?

DCAD (Dietary Cation-Anion Difference) wani ma'auni ne da ke auna bambancin cajin da ke tsakanin manyan cations na abinci da anions, wanda aka bayyana a cikin milliequivalents a kowace kilogram na busasshen abu (mEq/kg DM). Maimakon auna sinadari guda ɗaya, DCAD yana nuna tasirin abinci akan daidaiton acid na dabba bayan narkewar abinci da sha, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama kayan aiki mai mahimmanci don tantancewa da sarrafa abinci mai gina jiki na dabbobi.

Ana amfani da dabaru guda biyu don ƙididdige DCAD:

Sauƙaƙawa (mafi yawan): DCAD = (Na⁺ + K⁺) - (Cl⁻ + S²⁻)

An tsawaita (gami da Ca, Mg, P): DCAD = (Na⁺ + K⁺ + Ca²⁺ + Mg²⁺) - (Cl⁻ + S²⁻ + P)

A aikace, sodium, potassium, chloride, da sulfur sun mamaye, don haka dabarar da aka sauƙaƙe ita ce aka fi amfani da ita. Kowace ion ana fara canza ta zuwa milliequivalents (mEq) kafin a maye gurbinta. Ana fassara sakamakon kamar haka:

Darajar da ta dace: abincin yana da rinjaye a cikin cation (alkaline), wanda ya dace da shanu masu shayarwa ko waɗanda ke fama da zafi;

Ƙima mara kyau: abincin yana da sinadarin anion (mai ɗauke da sinadarin acid), wanda ya dace da busassun shanu don taimakawa wajen hana ƙarancin sinadarin calcium bayan haihuwa.

Me yasa DCAD ke da mahimmanci?

DCAD yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin kula da abinci mai gina jiki na dabbobi, yana tasiri ga fannoni da dama na aikin dabbobi da lafiyarsu:

Daidaiton tushen acid:yana ƙayyade pH na jini da ruwan jiki, yana ƙarfafa duk tasirin ilimin halittar jiki;
Busasshen shan abu (DMI):DCAD mafi kyau yana haɓaka cin abinci kuma yana biyan buƙatun kuzarin shanu masu yawan haihuwa;
Zurfin ruwan inabi:yana kula da daidaiton pH na rumen da kuma narkewar zare, wanda hakan ke shafar samar da acetate (abin da ke haifar da kitsen madara);
Sinadarin calcium:yana daidaita tsarin sinadarin calcium na ƙashi ta hanyar daidaita tushen acid, wanda ke da alaƙa da hypocalcemia bayan haihuwa (zazzabin madara);
Haihuwa da lafiya:Kula da sinadarin acid mai ƙarfi a cikin peripartum yana rage yawan faruwar matsalolin rayuwa kuma yana taimakawa wajen samun ingantaccen aiki na haihuwa.

Babban fahimta: Bukatun DCAD sun saba wa juna a matakai daban-daban na ilimin halittar jiki - masu abinci mai gina jiki dole ne su daidaita abincin daidai gwargwado.

Tebur 1. Bukatun DCAD da Ayyuka ta Mataki

Matakin mataki	Target DCAD	Ayyukan Farko
Mace-macen shayarwa / Damuwa mai zafi	+250 ~ +450 mEq/kg DM	Buffer rumen, daidaita pH; ƙara yawan narkewar DMI da zare; ƙara yawan samar da acetate, yawan kitsen madara, da yawan samar da madara
Lokacin bushewa na ciki / Lokacin bushewa na kusa	Ƙarami ko korau (−50 ~ +100)	Ƙara yawan sinadarin acidosis na metabolism; ƙara yawan sinadarin calcium a ƙashi; hana hypocalcemia bayan haihuwa (zazzabin madara); inganta shan abinci bayan haihuwa da kuma fara shayarwa.

Dokar babban yatsa: HIGH ga shanu masu shayarwa, LITTAFIN ƘASA ga shanu masu kusa.

Tsarin Magance DCAD

Gudanar da DCAD ya ta'allaka ne akan daidaita yawan cations da anions a cikin abincin: ƙara sinadaran da ke da wadataccen cation yana ƙara darajar; ƙara sinadaran da ke da wadataccen anion yana rage shi. Waɗannan ƙa'idodi ya kamata su jagoranci tsarin:

Fifita tsarkin sinadaran:tushen tsarki mai yawa yana rage guduwar ionic daga ƙazanta;
A rage Cl da S idan ana ƙara DCAD:gishirin potassium da sodium da ake amfani da su don ɗaga DCAD ya kamata su ɗauki ƙaramin chloride ko sulfate, wanda in ba haka ba zai jawo ƙimar baya;
Biya cikakken iyakokin abincin sulfur:Gishirin sulfate da ake amfani da su don rage DCAD dole ne a daidaita su da jimlar shan S - yawan sulfur yana hana shan abinci kuma yana lalata shan jan ƙarfe;
Haɗa shi da tushen calcium na yau da kullun:Ana amfani da gishirin anionic tare da dutse mai laushi ko dicalcium phosphate maimakon a maye gurbinsa gaba ɗaya.

Tebur na 2. Hanyoyi Biyu na Magance DCAD

Alkibla	An ƙara Sinadaran	Tsarin aiki
Ƙara DCAD	Gishirin K da Na (carbonates, bicarbonates)	Buffer rumen acid; sake cika electrolytes; daidaita rumen pH; ƙara yawan samar da acetate; ƙara pH na jini
Ƙananan DCAD	Gishirin anionic (sulfates, chlorides)	Sanya sinadarin acid a cikin abinci; haifar da ƙarancin acidosis na metabolism; kunna tsarin ƙwayoyin calcium na ƙashi; gina ajiyar ƙwayoyin calcium kafin haihuwa

Kayayyakin Gudanar da DCAD ɗinmu

Muna samar da sinadarai guda huɗu masu tsarki waɗanda suka shafi dukkan fannoni na sarrafa DCAD:

Tebur 3. Bayanin Samfurin DCAD

Samfuri	Tsarin dabara	Alkibla	Babban Aikin
Potassium Carbonate	K₂CO₃	Ɗaga sama	Tushen tsarkin K mai yawa; yana ƙarfafa rumen; yana ƙara yawan kitsen acetate da madara; babban sinadari mai hana zafi
Sodium Bicarbonate (baking soda)	NaHCO₃	Ɗaga sama	Tushen rumen na gargajiya da kuma tushen Na; yana daidaita pH na rumen; yana kare narkewar zare
Sinadarin Calcium Sulfate Mai Bazuwa	CaSO₄	Ƙasa	Gishirin anionic na Ca + S; rage cin abinci mai ƙarancin DCAD; yana hana zazzaɓin madara
Magnesium Sulfate	MgSO₄	Ƙasa	Gishirin Anionic + tushen Mg; yana rage DCAD yayin da yake sake cika Mg; yana hana hypomagnesemia

Potassium Carbonate (K₂CO₃)

Tsabta mai matuƙar girma (≥99%), tare da ƙarancin sinadarin chloride da sulfate - babu wani sinadarin da zai iya hana samar da abubuwa masu guba wanda zai danne DCAD;
A matsayin tushen cation mai ƙarfi, yana ƙara yawan DCAD yayin da yake rage kitsen da ke cikin rumen, yana inganta narkewar fiber, da kuma ƙara yawan samar da acetate, yana ƙara yawan kitsen madara da yawan kitsen madara a kaikaice;
Sinadarin da ke cikin shirye-shiryen abinci mai gina jiki na damuwa da zafi a lokacin rani; galibi ana haɗa shi da sodium bicarbonate da magnesium oxide don samar da cikakken tsarin buffer na rumen;
Shawarar da aka bayar: 100–250 g/kai/rana ga shanu masu yawan haihuwa; har zuwa 300 g/kai/rana a ƙarƙashin matsanancin zafi. Manufofi: abincin K 1.5–1.8% DM; DCAD +300 zuwa +450 mEq/kg DM.

Sodium Bicarbonate / Baking Soda (NaHCO₃)

Tushen sinadarin rumen da sodium wanda ke rage yawan sinadarin rumen acid cikin sauri, yana kare narkewar zare da kuma rage haɗarin kamuwa da subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA);
Yana ba da gudummawa ga wurin cation, yana tallafawa haɓaka DCAD da daidaiton electrolyte gabaɗaya;
Ya dace da abinci mai yawan maiko, shayarwa mafi yawa, da kuma lokutan damuwa da zafi; sau da yawa ana haɗa shi da potassium carbonate don ƙarin narkewar abinci.

Calcium Sulfate mai tushen halitta (CaSO₄)

An samo shi daga tushen halittu; yana ba da narkewa mai ɗorewa, tsarki mai yawa, da ƙarancin ƙazanta - gishirin anionic mai aiki biyu wanda ke samar da calcium da sulfur;
An ƙera shi don abinci mai ƙarancin ƙarfi na DCAD: ƙara yawan sinadarin acid a cikin abinci yana ƙarfafa motsa sinadarin calcium, yana bawa shanu damar gina ƙarfin sarrafa sinadarin calcium kafin haihuwa da kuma hana hypocalcemia bayan haihuwa (zazzabin madara);
A lokaci guda yana samar da sulfur don haɗa furotin na rumen da kuma fermentation na zare; kuma an nuna yana inganta ingancin ƙwai a aikace-aikacen kaji.

Magnesium Sulfate (MgSO₄)

Yana haɗa gishirin anionic da tushen magnesium a cikin sinadari ɗaya - yana rage DCAD yayin da yake samar da sinadarin magnesium mai inganci;
Magnesium yana da mahimmanci ga aikin jijiyoyin jijiyoyi kuma yana aiki a matsayin mai haɗin gwiwa ga tsarin enzyme da yawa; musamman mahimmanci a cikin shirye-shiryen rigakafin zazzabin madara na peripartum da kuma hana hypomagnesemia (tetany ciyawa);
Ya kamata a sa ido kan jimlar sinadarin sulfur na abinci - gami da gudummawar da aka samu daga dukkan tushen sulfate - kuma gabaɗaya a kiyaye shi a ƙasa da 0.4% DM ko ƙasa da haka don guje wa shan ruwa fiye da kima, wanda zai iya kawo cikas ga shan jan ƙarfe da amfani da shi.

Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi akai-akai

T1: Menene ainihin DCAD? Za ku iya bayyana shi a sarari?

Hakika. Lamba ce kawai da ke gaya maka ko abincinka yana da ƙarin cations (sodium, potassium) ko anions (chlorine, sulfur). Wannan adadin yana shafar pH ɗin jinin shanu. Kuma idan pH ɗin jini ya ragu, za ka ga matsaloli game da cin abinci, narkewar abinci, samar da madara, har ma da ko saniya za ta iya tashi tsaye bayan haihuwa. Don haka babban abu ne.

T2: Shin shanu busassu da shanu masu shayarwa suna buƙatar matakai daban-daban na DCAD?

Ya bambanta sosai.

Ga shanu masu shayarwa (musamman a lokacin zafi na rani), kuna buƙatar DCAD mai yawa - kusan +250 zuwa +450 mEq/kg DM. Wannan yana sa rumen pH ya daidaita, yana taimaka musu su ci abinci da yawa, yana narke zare da kyau, kuma yana ƙara kitsen madara.

Ga shanu busassu (makonni kaɗan kafin haihuwa), kuna buƙatar ƙarancin DCAD, har ma da rashin sinadarin acidic. Wannan yana haifar da ƙarancin acidity wanda ke tilasta wa saniya ta cire calcium daga ƙasusuwanta kafin lokaci, don kada ta kamu da zazzabin madara bayan haihuwa.

A taƙaice: yawan shayarwa, ƙarancin bushewa - kar a haɗa su.

T3: Waɗanne kayayyakin DCAD ne SUSTAR ke bayarwa?

Muna da sinadaran ma'adinai guda huɗu masu tsarki, waɗanda suka shafi dukkan fannoni biyu:

Don haɓaka DCAD:

Potassium carbonate (K₂CO₃) da sodium bicarbonate (baking soda). Potassium carbonate ɗinmu yana da tsarki ≥99% ba tare da chloride ko sulfate ba, don haka ba zai soke tasirinsa ba.

Don rage DCAD:

Calcium sulphate (CaSO₄) da magnesium sulphate (MgSO₄). Waɗannan gishirin anionic ne waɗanda ke ƙara acid a cikin abinci kuma suna haifar da haɗakar calcium. Calcium sulphate kuma yana samar da calcium da sulfur, kuma magnesium sulphate yana ba da ƙarin magnesium don hana tetany ciyawa.

Duk waɗannan kayayyaki guda huɗu na yau da kullun ne da manyan kamfanonin ciyar da abinci ke amfani da su.

T4: Nawa potassium carbonate ya kamata in ci, kuma menene burina?

Ga masu yawan samar da abinci, a ciyar da gram 100-250 a kowace rana, kuma har zuwa gram 300 a ƙarƙashin matsanancin zafi. A yi ƙoƙarin samun sinadarin potassium a abinci mai gina jiki a kashi 1.5-1.8% na busassun abu da kuma DCAD a kusan +300 zuwa +450. Potassium carbonate ɗinmu yana da tsarki sosai, don haka za ku sami ƙaruwa ba tare da chloride ko sulfate da ba a so ba yana jawo ƙimar koma baya - wannan shine mabuɗin.

T5: Shin akwai wani abin lura idan ana amfani da sulfates don rage DCAD?

Eh – a ajiye cikakken sinadarin sulfur (daga dukkan tushen sulphate) a ƙasa da kashi 0.4% na busasshen abu. Sama da haka, shanu suna cin abinci kaɗan kuma yawan shan jan ƙarfe yana raguwa. Calcium sulphate ɗinmu na halitta yana narkewa a hankali kuma yana da ƙarancin datti, don haka yana da sauƙin sarrafawa.

T6: Shin kuna ba da shawarar yin amfani da kayan abinci, ko kuma kawai kuna sayar da kayan abinci?

Muna yin duka biyun. Muna aiki tare da masana abinci mai gina jiki na jami'a kuma muna iya taimakawa wajen ba da shawarwari kan haɗa sinadarai, ƙara yawan amfani da sinadarai, da kuma guje wa ƙin yarda da ma'adanai.

Mun yi haɗin gwiwa da CP Group, Cargill, DSM, ADM, Nutreco, New Hope, Haid, Tongwei, da sauran manyan kamfanonin ciyar da abinci 100 tsawon shekaru da dama - don haka tallafin fasaha wani ɓangare ne na kunshin.